A - a short sound, as in the English car.Turkish has an unusual feature called vowel harmony, which means that the vowels (a, e, i, ı, o, ö, u, ü) can never be found next to each other in the same word, except some loan words, mostly from Arabic. However Turkish has some vowel sounds that are not known in many other languages, so they can be hard to learn. The spelling of Turkish is phonetic, so once knowing the pronunciation of each letter the reading should not be a problem, since all words are pronounced exactly how they are written. With a bit of practice, however, it becomes much easier. Turkish pronunciation looks daunting to non-native speakers, as many of the words are very long and look like tongue-twisters. Turkish has two "you" verb forms which denote the relationship the speaker has to someone else.įor formal address the plural form of second person "siz" should be used, while for informal address the singular form of the second person "sen" is used. ![]() In Turkish there are two ways of addressing people - informal and polite, like in German, French or Russian. Thus, an English phrase such as "in Turkey" is rendered in Turkish as "Türkiye'de - Türkiye-de" (Turkey - in). Turkish uses postpositions instead of prepositions. Thus, an English phrase such as "I am an Australian" is rendered in Turkish with the one word "Avustralyalıyım - Avustralya-lı-y-ım" (Australia-n-I'm). Unlike many languages, Turkish forms words by a process known as "agglutination", where prefixes and suffixes are attached to words to mark different parts of speech and so on. There are no articles, genders, or declensions. Turkish grammar and sentence structures as well as vocabulary differ completely from Indo-European languages like English and Persian, and Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew and indeed from many other languages. Turkish is a difficult language to learn and speak, due to its complicated, mathematical vowel-harmonied grammar. ![]() While the Central Asian "stans" speak Turkic languages, the similarities between Kazakh and Turkish (for example) are only very rudimentary. Outside of Turkey itself, knowledge of Turkish is helpful in several neighbouring countries particularly in the Balkan countries of Kosovo, Macedonia, and Bulgaria where there are significant Turkish communities, and to a lesser extent in Azerbaijan and Iran, where it is to an extent mutually intelligible with Azerbaijani. It was once believed to be part of the wider Altaic family of languages with has now been debunked as a theory of linguistics. Turkish's closest living relatives are other Turkic languages, which are spoken in southwestern, central and northern Asia and to a lesser degree in southeastern Europe (the Balkans). It is also a recognized minority language in Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Romania. Turkish ( Türkçe) also known as Istanbul Turkish is the most widely-spoken of the Turkic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Turkey and the co-official language of Cyprus but is only spoken and useful in Turkish speaking Northern Cyprus.
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